- May 13, 2015
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Willem de Bruijn authored
Rollover indicates exceptional conditions. Export a counter to inform socket owners of this state. If no socket with sufficient room is found, rollover fails. Also count these events. Finally, also count when flows are rolled over early thanks to huge flow detection, to validate its correctness. Tested: Read counters in bench_rollover on all other tests in the patchset Signed-off-by:
Willem de Bruijn <willemb@google.com> Signed-off-by:
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Willem de Bruijn authored
Migrate flows from a socket to another socket in the fanout group not only when the socket is full. Start migrating huge flows early, to divert possible 4-tuple attacks without affecting normal traffic. Introduce fanout_flow_is_huge(). This detects huge flows, which are defined as taking up more than half the load. It does so cheaply, by storing the rxhashes of the N most recent packets. If over half of these are the same rxhash as the current packet, then drop it. This only protects against 4-tuple attacks. N is chosen to fit all data in a single cache line. Tested: Ran bench_rollover for 10 sec with 1.5 Mpps of single flow input. lpbb5:/export/hda3/willemb# ./bench_rollover -l 1000 -r -s cpu rx rx.k drop.k rollover r.huge r.failed 0 14 14 0 0 0 0 1 20 20 0 0 0 0 2 16 16 0 0 0 0 3 6168824 6168824 0 4867721 4867721 0 4 4867741 4867741 0 0 0 0 5 12 12 0 0 0 0 6 15 15 0 0 0 0 7 17 17 0 0 0 0 Signed-off-by: -
Willem de Bruijn authored
Rollover has to call packet_rcv_has_room on sockets in the fanout group to find a socket to migrate to. This operation is expensive especially if the packet sockets use rings, when a lock has to be acquired. Avoid pounding on the lock by all sockets by temporarily marking a socket as "under memory pressure" when such pressure is detected. While set, only the socket owner may call packet_rcv_has_room on the socket. Once it detects normal conditions, it clears the flag. The socket is not used as a victim by any other socket in the meantime. Under reasonably balanced load, each socket writer frequently calls packet_rcv_has_room and clears its own pressure field. As a backup for when the socket is rarely written to, also clear the flag on reading (packet_recvmsg, packet_poll) if this can be done cheaply (i.e., without calling packet_rcv_has_room). This is only for edge cases. Tested: Ran bench_rollover: a process with 8 sockets in a single fanout group, each pinned to a single cpu that receives one nic recv interrupt. RPS and RFS are disabled. The benchmark uses packet rx_ring, which has to take a lock when determining whether a socket has room. Sent 3.5 Mpps of UDP traffic with sufficient entropy to spread uniformly across the packet sockets (and inserted an iptables rule to drop in PREROUTING to avoid protocol stack processing). Without this patch, all sockets try to migrate traffic to neighbors, causing lock contention when searching for a non- empty neighbor. The lock is the top 9 entries. perf record -a -g sleep 5 - 17.82% bench_rollover [kernel.kallsyms] [k] _raw_spin_lock - _raw_spin_lock - 99.00% spin_lock + 81.77% packet_rcv_has_room.isra.41 + 18.23% tpacket_rcv + 0.84% packet_rcv_has_room.isra.41 + 5.20% ksoftirqd/6 [kernel.kallsyms] [k] _raw_spin_lock + 5.15% ksoftirqd/1 [kernel.kallsyms] [k] _raw_spin_lock + 5.14% ksoftirqd/2 [kernel.kallsyms] [k] _raw_spin_lock + 5.12% ksoftirqd/7 [kernel.kallsyms] [k] _raw_spin_lock + 5.12% ksoftirqd/5 [kernel.kallsyms] [k] _raw_spin_lock + 5.10% ksoftirqd/4 [kernel.kallsyms] [k] _raw_spin_lock + 4.66% ksoftirqd/0 [kernel.kallsyms] [k] _raw_spin_lock + 4.45% ksoftirqd/3 [kernel.kallsyms] [k] _raw_spin_lock + 1.55% bench_rollover [kernel.kallsyms] [k] packet_rcv_has_room.isra.41 On net-next with this patch, this lock contention is no longer a top entry. Most time is spent in the actual read function. Next up are other locks: + 15.52% bench_rollover bench_rollover [.] reader + 4.68% swapper [kernel.kallsyms] [k] memcpy_erms + 2.77% swapper [kernel.kallsyms] [k] packet_lookup_frame.isra.51 + 2.56% ksoftirqd/1 [kernel.kallsyms] [k] memcpy_erms + 2.16% swapper [kernel.kallsyms] [k] tpacket_rcv + 1.93% swapper [kernel.kallsyms] [k] mlx4_en_process_rx_cq Looking closer at the remaining _raw_spin_lock, the cost of probing in rollover is now comparable to the cost of taking the lock later in tpacket_rcv. - 1.51% swapper [kernel.kallsyms] [k] _raw_spin_lock - _raw_spin_lock + 33.41% packet_rcv_has_room + 28.15% tpacket_rcv + 19.54% enqueue_to_backlog + 6.45% __free_pages_ok + 2.78% packet_rcv_fanout + 2.13% fanout_demux_rollover + 2.01% netif_receive_skb_internal Signed-off-by: -
Willem de Bruijn authored
Replace rollover state per fanout group with state per socket. Future patches will add fields to the new structure. Signed-off-by:
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- Mar 12, 2015
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Eric W. Biederman authored
Having to say > #ifdef CONFIG_NET_NS > struct net *net; > #endif in structures is a little bit wordy and a little bit error prone. Instead it is possible to say: > typedef struct { > #ifdef CONFIG_NET_NS > struct net *net; > #endif > } possible_net_t; And then in a header say: > possible_net_t net; Which is cleaner and easier to use and easier to test, as the possible_net_t is always there no matter what the compile options. Further this allows read_pnet and write_pnet to be functions in all cases which is better at catching typos. This change adds possible_net_t, updates the definitions of read_pnet and write_pnet, updates optional struct net * variables that write_pnet uses on to have the type possible_net_t, and finally fixes up the b0rked users of read_pnet and write_pnet. Signed-off-by:
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- Aug 21, 2014
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Eric Dumazet authored
af_packet can currently overwrite kernel memory by out of bound accesses, because it assumed a [new] block can always hold one frame. This is not generally the case, even if most existing tools do it right. This patch clamps too long frames as API permits, and issue a one time error on syslog. [ 394.357639] tpacket_rcv: packet too big, clamped from 5042 to 3966. macoff=82 In this example, packet header tp_snaplen was set to 3966, and tp_len was set to 5042 (skb->len) Signed-off-by:
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- Jan 17, 2014
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Daniel Borkmann authored
In PF_PACKET's packet mmap(), we can avoid using one atomic_inc() and one atomic_dec() call in skb destructor and use a percpu reference count instead in order to determine if packets are still pending to be sent out. Micro-benchmark with [1] that has been slightly modified (that is, protcol = 0 in socket(2) and bind(2)), example on a rather crappy testing machine; I expect it to scale and have even better results on bigger machines: ./packet_mm_tx -s7000 -m7200 -z700000 em1, avg over 2500 runs: With patch: 4,022,015 cyc Without patch: 4,812,994 cyc time ./packet_mm_tx -s64 -c10000000 em1 > /dev/null, stable: With patch: real 1m32.241s user 0m0.287s sys 1m29.316s Without patch: real 1m38.386s user 0m0.265s sys 1m35.572s In function tpacket_snd(), it is okay to use packet_read_pending() since in fast-path we short-circuit the condition already with ph != NULL, since we have next frames to process. In case we have MSG_DONTWAIT, we also do not execute this path as need_wait is false here anyway, and in case of _no_ MSG_DONTWAIT flag, it is okay to call a packet_read_pending(), because when we ever reach that path, we're done processing outgoing frames anyway and only look if there are skbs still outstanding to be orphaned. We can stay lockless in this percpu counter since it's acceptable when we reach this path for the sum to be imprecise first, but we'll level out at 0 after all pending frames have reached the skb destructor eventually through tx reclaim. When people pin a tx process to particular CPUs, we expect overflows to happen in the reference counter as on one CPU we expect heavy increase; and distributed through ksoftirqd on all CPUs a decrease, for example. As David Laight points out, since the C language doesn't define the result of signed int overflow (i.e. rather than wrap, it is allowed to saturate as a possible outcome), we have to use unsigned int as reference count. The sum over all CPUs when tx is complete will result in 0 again. The BUG_ON() in tpacket_destruct_skb() we can remove as well. It can _only_ be set from inside tpacket_snd() path and we made sure to increase tx_ring.pending in any case before we called po->xmit(skb). So testing for tx_ring.pending == 0 is not too useful. Instead, it would rather have been useful to test if lower layers didn't orphan the skb so that we're missing ring slots being put back to TP_STATUS_AVAILABLE. But such a bug will be caught in user space already as we end up realizing that we do not have any TP_STATUS_AVAILABLE slots left anymore. Therefore, we're all set. Btw, in case of RX_RING path, we do not make use of the pending member, therefore we also don't need to use up any percpu memory here. Also note that __alloc_percpu() already returns a zero-filled percpu area, so initialization is done already. [1] http://wiki.ipxwarzone.com/index.php5?title=Linux_packet_mmap Signed-off-by:
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- Dec 10, 2013
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Daniel Borkmann authored
This patch introduces a PACKET_QDISC_BYPASS socket option, that allows for using a similar xmit() function as in pktgen instead of taking the dev_queue_xmit() path. This can be very useful when PF_PACKET applications are required to be used in a similar scenario as pktgen, but with full, flexible packet payload that needs to be provided, for example. On default, nothing changes in behaviour for normal PF_PACKET TX users, so everything stays as is for applications. New users, however, can now set PACKET_QDISC_BYPASS if needed to prevent own packets from i) reentering packet_rcv() and ii) to directly push the frame to the driver. In doing so we can increase pps (here 64 byte packets) for PF_PACKET a bit: # CPUs -- QDISC_BYPASS -- qdisc path -- qdisc path[**] 1 CPU == 1,509,628 pps -- 1,208,708 -- 1,247,436 2 CPUs == 3,198,659 pps -- 2,536,012 -- 1,605,779 3 CPUs == 4,787,992 pps -- 3,788,740 -- 1,735,610 4 CPUs == 6,173,956 pps -- 4,907,799 -- 1,909,114 5 CPUs == 7,495,676 pps -- 5,956,499 -- 2,014,422 6 CPUs == 9,001,496 pps -- 7,145,064 -- 2,155,261 7 CPUs == 10,229,776 pps -- 8,190,596 -- 2,220,619 8 CPUs == 11,040,732 pps -- 9,188,544 -- 2,241,879 9 CPUs == 12,009,076 pps -- 10,275,936 -- 2,068,447 10 CPUs == 11,380,052 pps -- 11,265,337 -- 1,578,689 11 CPUs == 11,672,676 pps -- 11,845,344 -- 1,297,412 [...] 20 CPUs == 11,363,192 pps -- 11,014,933 -- 1,245,081 [**]: qdisc path with packet_rcv(), how probably most people seem to use it (hopefully not anymore if not needed) The test was done using a modified trafgen, sending a simple static 64 bytes packet, on all CPUs. The trick in the fast "qdisc path" case, is to avoid reentering packet_rcv() by setting the RAW socket protocol to zero, like: socket(PF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, 0); Tradeoffs are documented as well in this patch, clearly, if queues are busy, we will drop more packets, tc disciplines are ignored, and these packets are not visible to taps anymore. For a pktgen like scenario, we argue that this is acceptable. The pointer to the xmit function has been placed in packet socket structure hole between cached_dev and prot_hook that is hot anyway as we're working on cached_dev in each send path. Done in joint work together with Jesper Dangaard Brouer. Signed-off-by:
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- Nov 21, 2013
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Daniel Borkmann authored
Salam reported a use after free bug in PF_PACKET that occurs when we're sending out frames on a socket bound device and suddenly the net device is being unregistered. It appears that commit 827d9780 introduced a possible race condition between {t,}packet_snd() and packet_notifier(). In the case of a bound socket, packet_notifier() can drop the last reference to the net_device and {t,}packet_snd() might end up suddenly sending a packet over a freed net_device. To avoid reverting 827d9780 and thus introducing a performance regression compared to the current state of things, we decided to hold a cached RCU protected pointer to the net device and maintain it on write side via bind spin_lock protected register_prot_hook() and __unregister_prot_hook() calls. In {t,}packet_snd() path, we access this pointer under rcu_read_lock through packet_cached_dev_get() that holds reference to the device to prevent it from being freed through packet_notifier() while we're in send path. This is okay to do as dev_put()/dev_hold() are per-cpu counters, so this should not be a performance issue. Also, the code simplifies a bit as we don't need need_rls_dev anymore. Fixes: 827d9780 ("af-packet: Use existing netdev reference for bound sockets.") Reported-by:
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- Apr 25, 2013
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Daniel Borkmann authored
Currently, packet_sock has a struct tpacket_stats stats member for TPACKET_V1 and TPACKET_V2 statistic accounting, and with TPACKET_V3 ``union tpacket_stats_u stats_u'' was introduced, where however only statistics for TPACKET_V3 are held, and when copied to user space, TPACKET_V3 does some hackery and access also tpacket_stats' stats, although everything could have been done within the union itself. Unify accounting within the tpacket_stats_u union so that we can remove 8 bytes from packet_sock that are there unnecessary. Note that even if we switch to TPACKET_V3 and would use non mmap(2)ed option, this still works due to the union with same types + offsets, that are exposed to the user space. Signed-off-by:
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Daniel Borkmann authored
There's a 4 byte hole in packet_ring_buffer structure before prb_bdqc, that can be filled with 'pending' member, thus we can reduce the overall structure size from 224 bytes to 216 bytes. This also has the side-effect, that in struct packet_sock 2*4 byte holes after the embedded packet_ring_buffer members are removed, and overall, packet_sock can be reduced by 1 cacheline: Before: size: 1344, cachelines: 21, members: 24 After: size: 1280, cachelines: 20, members: 24 Signed-off-by:
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- Mar 19, 2013
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Willem de Bruijn authored
Changes: v3->v2: rebase (no other changes) passes selftest v2->v1: read f->num_members only once fix bug: test rollover mode + flag Minimize packet drop in a fanout group. If one socket is full, roll over packets to another from the group. Maintain flow affinity during normal load using an rxhash fanout policy, while dispersing unexpected traffic storms that hit a single cpu, such as spoofed-source DoS flows. Rollover breaks affinity for flows arriving at saturated sockets during those conditions. The patch adds a fanout policy ROLLOVER that rotates between sockets, filling each socket before moving to the next. It also adds a fanout flag ROLLOVER. If passed along with any other fanout policy, the primary policy is applied until the chosen socket is full. Then, rollover selects another socket, to delay packet drop until the entire system is saturated. Probing sockets is not free. Selecting the last used socket, as rollover does, is a greedy approach that maximizes chance of success, at the cost of extreme load imbalance. In practice, with sufficiently long queues to absorb bursts, sockets are drained in parallel and load balance looks uniform in `top`. To avoid contention, scales counters with number of sockets and accesses them lockfree. Values are bounds checked to ensure correctness. Tested using an application with 9 threads pinned to CPUs, one socket per thread and sufficient busywork per packet operation to limits each thread to handling 32 Kpps. When sent 500 Kpps single UDP stream packets, a FANOUT_CPU setup processes 32 Kpps in total without this patch, 270 Kpps with the patch. Tested with read() and with a packet ring (V1). Also, passes psock_fanout.c unit test added to selftests. Signed-off-by:
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- Nov 07, 2012
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Paul Chavent authored
The tx data offset of packet mmap tx ring used to be : (TPACKET2_HDRLEN - sizeof(struct sockaddr_ll)) The problem is that, with SOCK_RAW socket, the payload (14 bytes after the beginning of the user data) is misaligned. This patch allows to let the user gives an offset for it's tx data if he desires. Set sock option PACKET_TX_HAS_OFF to 1, then specify in each frame of your tx ring tp_net for SOCK_DGRAM, or tp_mac for SOCK_RAW. Signed-off-by:
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- Aug 20, 2012
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Pavel Emelyanov authored
Reported value is the same reported by the FANOUT getsockoption, but unlike it, the absent fanout setup results in absent nlattr, rather than in nlattr with zero value. This is done so, since zero fanout report may mean both -- no fanout, and fanout with both id and type zero. Signed-off-by:
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- Aug 14, 2012
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Pavel Emelyanov authored
The diag module will need to access some private packet_sock data, so move it to a header in advance. This file will be shared between the af_packet.c and the diag.c Signed-off-by:
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